The Seventh Tower Pdf 46
Download ->>->>->> https://geags.com/2tepTh
The building's main entrance is on Eighth Avenue. The original structure is clad with stone and contains six pylons with sculptural groups. The tower proper contains a glass and metal facade arranged in a diagrid, which doubles as its structural system. The original office space in the Hearst Magazine Building was replaced with an atrium during the Hearst Tower's construction. The tower is certified as a green building as part of the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) program.
The Hearst Magazine Building's developer, William Randolph Hearst, had acquired the site for a theater, in the belief that the area would become the city's next large entertainment district, but subsequently changed his plans to allow a magazine headquarters there. The original building was developed as the base for a larger tower that was postponed due to the Great Depression. A subsequent expansion proposal during the 1940s also failed. The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission designated the facade of the original building as a city landmark in 1988. Hearst Communications, having considered expanding the structure again in the 1980s, finally developed its tower during the first decade of the 21st century.
The original six-story structure, known as the Hearst Magazine Building or the International Magazine Building,[8] was designed by architect Joseph Urban and architecture firm George B. Post & Sons. It was completed in 1928 as the base of a future tower.[2][9][10] The Hearst Magazine Building was designed in an early form of the Art Deco style. Henry Kreis designed six sculptural groups at the third story.[11][12][13] The Hearst Magazine Building is the only survivor of an unbuilt entertainment complex that its developer, Hearst Communications founder William Randolph Hearst, had envisioned for Columbus Circle in the early 20th century.[12][14][15] The tower, designed by Norman Foster, was completed in 2006, almost eight decades after the base was built.[9][10][16][17] The Hearst Corporation and Tishman Speyer developed the tower, while WSP Global was the structural engineer and Turner Construction was the main contractor.[18]
The two sections of the Hearst Tower are a combined 597 feet (182 m) tall, with forty-six stories above ground.[18][19][20] The base occupies nearly the whole lot and originally contained floors arranged in a \"U\" shape, flanking a courtyard to the west.[10][21][22][23] Along much of the base, the third through sixth stories are slightly set back from the lowest two floors.[24] The original building's roof was 70 feet (21 m) above ground.[8] The tower stories are more deeply set back from the lowest six floors on the north, east, and south sides.[10][25] The tower contains a smaller footprint of 160 by 120 feet (49 by 37 m), the longer dimension extending from east to west.[10][23][26] The setbacks above the sixth floor contain a skylight 40 feet (12 m) wide.[27]
The Hearst Tower has 856,000 square feet (79,500 m2) of office space.[10][26] According to the New York City Department of City Planning, the building has a gross floor area of 703,796 square feet (65,384.8 m2).[9] The tower received a zoning bonus that enabled its maximum floor area to be expanded by six floors or 120,000 square feet (11,000 m2), a twenty percent increase from the previous maximum allowed floor area of 600,000 square feet (56,000 m2). In exchange, the Hearst Corporation agreed to improve access to the subway station directly underneath, adding three elevators and reconfiguring the subway station's circulation areas.[28][29][30] Without the zoning amendment, the Hearst Corporation might have had to pay up to $10 million for additional air rights, as the company had already utilized all the unused air rights above the Hearst Magazine Building.[29]
A clerestory wraps around the seventh through tenth floors, atop the base,[26] structurally separating the tower stories from the base.[26][37] Above the tenth floor, the tower's facade uses a triangular framing pattern known as a diagrid, which serves as the structural support system for the tower stories.[25][26][38]The diagrid divides the tower's sides horizontally, into segments of four stories, and diagonally, into alternating upright and inverted triangles, which intersect at \"nodes\" along various points of the facade.[26][38][39] There are no vertical columns within the tower's footprint.[20][38][39] The arrangement of the diagrid creates chamfered \"birds' mouths\" at the tower's corners at the 14th, 22nd, 30th, and 38th floors.[38][40][41] According to The New York Times, the beams and \"birds' mouths\" run at a 75-degree angle to the horizontal floor slabs,[42] though another author cites the beams as running at a 65-degree angle.[43] The structural system, similar to the Commerzbank Tower in Frankfurt[26] and 30 St Mary Axe in London, was developed in conjunction with Ysrael Seinuk.[44]
Because of the facade's intricate design, the tower's window cleaning rig took three years and $3 million to plan.[48][49] The resulting design incorporates \"a rectangular steel box the size of a Smart car\" on the roof, which hoists a 40-foot (12 m) mast and a hydraulic boom arm. Sixty-seven sensors and switches are housed in the box. A window cleaning deck hangs from the hydraulic boom arm, supported by six wire-rope strands.[49][50] The device was installed in April 2005 on 420 feet (130 m) of elevated steel track looping the roof of the tower.[50] The rig snapped in a 2013 incident that trapped two window cleaners.[51][52]
The Hearst Magazine Building is supported by steel columns at its perimeter.[27] The original framework was intended to support at least seven additional stories.[10][21][53] Urban's original plans for the tower no longer exist[54] but, by some accounts, would have been up to 20 stories tall.[12][55][a] The Hearst Magazine Building also had six elevator shafts, double or triple the expected number of elevators for a building of its size.[56] As completed, there was a white-brick penthouse above the sixth story for the future expansion of the elevators.[12] The Hearst Magazine Building's entire original framework was removed when the Hearst Tower was constructed in the 2000s.[30][33][44] The existing structure was hollowed out to create the atrium for the expanded building, and new columns were installed behind the existing facade.[23][27][30] Large \"mega columns\" extend downward from the perimeter of the tower addition. The existing frame and new columns are connected with beams at the third and seventh stories.[23][30][57] Additionally, there are eight 90-foot-long (27 m) \"super-diagonals\" sloping from the third floor to the tenth floor.[26]
The Hearst Tower contains twenty-one elevators in total.[20] The stairways and elevators are placed in a service core along the western portion of the tower, the only side that does not face a street.[58][27] The original plan had called for the core to be at the tower's center, but it was redesigned after the September 11 attacks in 2001, as a security precaution against possible attacks from the street.[30] The offset core also enables the office floors to contain an open plan without interior columns.[27][59] To accommodate the offset service core, and to compensate for the lack of interior columns, the tower's weight is supported by the exterior diagrid, which is braced with the service core.[58][38]
The Hearst Magazine Building initially contained office space with 11-foot (3.4 m) ceilings,[36] which was replaced with a 95-foot-tall (29 m) atrium when the tower was built.[8][10] The atrium has a volume of 1,700,000 cubic feet (48,000 m3).[26][40] The lobby, accessed by escalators from the Eighth Avenue entrance, was placed inside what had been the third story of the original building.[27][39] The escalators run through a 27-by-75-foot (8.2 by 22.9 m) waterfall called Icefall, which uses recycled water from the building's green roof.[60] The waterfall is complemented by a 70-foot-tall (21 m) fresco painting, Riverlines, by artist Richard Long.[20][61][62] Also within the atrium are two mezzanines; one contains a 380-seat cafeteria and the other houses an exhibition area.[36][59] The cafeteria, called Cafe 57, is used by Hearst employees and visitors.[62] On the northern side of the atrium is a screening room.[59] At ground level are two storefronts beneath the atrium: an anchor space with about 12,000 square feet (1,100 m2), as well as another space with about 2,500 square feet (230 m2).[63]
The tower stories start with the tenth story, which is 110 feet (34 m) high, slightly above the roof of the atrium.[57] Each of the tower stories covers 22,000 square feet (2,000 m2)[30][45] and contains 13.5-foot (4.1 m) ceilings.[20][40] The floors were designed to contain many of Hearst's publications and communications companies, including Cosmopolitan, Esquire, Marie Claire, Harper's Bazaar, Good Housekeeping, and Seventeen.[59] Besides Hearst offices, the tower contains a fitness center for staff on the 14th floor.[59][62] There are also executive rooms on the 44th floor.[62]
The tower has several design features that are intended to meet green building standards as part of the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) program.[64] The limestone-clad floor slabs of the atrium and office floors contain polyethylene tubes that can carry heated or chilled water to regulate temperature and humidity. A 14,000-U.S.-gallon (53,000 L) tank in the basement collects rainwater from the building's roof, some of which is pumped through Icefall in the lobby. The furniture and lights were also designed to be energy-efficient.[20][46][65] Two executive stories have daylight dimming systems, which dim when there is sunlight, while the other office stories have daylight switching systems, which turn off when there is sunlight.[34] Furthermore, about 85 percent of the material from the old building's interior was recycled for use in the tower's construction.[46] 153554b96e
https://es.ovlgroup.net/group/poisk-raboty-v-rossii/discussion/d350123e-54d0-440c-ab93-d0df8ad311e8